對于鋰離子電池而言，Si負極比傳統石墨負極比容量大10倍，在這個能源短缺的時代，Si負極鋰離子電池技術前景誘人。但是體相Si顆粒至少存在以下兩大問題，影響電學傳導，并造成容量降低，最終導致電池失效，大大縮短了電池的使用壽命：
1）充放電過程中體積膨脹高達420%，容易導致顆粒和電機的破裂。
2）充放電過程中發生副反應，形成不穩定、不導電的固體電解質界面SEI膜。
崔屹團隊多年來致力于應用納米技術改善鋰離子電池的硅負極性能，根據崔屹教授的講座，本文簡要整理了他們開發的11代硅負極電池納米技術。
1. Nanowire
解決了體積變化的問題
參考文獻：C. K. Chan, H. Peng, G. Liu, K. McIlwrath, X. F. Zhang, R. A. Huggins, Y. Cui "High Performance Lithium Battery Anodes Using Silicon Nanowires" Nature Nanotech. 2008, 3, 31-35.
2. core-shell nanowire
提高循環壽命
參考文獻：L.-F. Cui, R. Ruffo, C. K. Chan, H. Peng, Y. Cui "Crystalline-Amorphous Core-Shell Silicon Nanowires for High Capacity and High Current Battery Electrodes" Nano Lett. 9, 2009, 491-495.
3. Hollow
進一步解決體積變化問題，提高循環性能
參考文獻：Y. Yao, M. T. McDowell, I. Ryu, H. Wu, N. Liu, L. Hu, W. D. Nix, and Y. Cui, "Interconnected Silicon Hollow Nanospheres for Lithium-Ion BatteryAnodes with Long Cycle Life ", Nano Letters ,2011.
4. Double Walled Hollow
穩定的SEI膜
參考文獻：H. Wu, G. Chan, J. W. Choi, I. Ryu, Y. Yao, M. T. McDowell, S. W. Lee, A. Jackson, Y. Yang, L. Hu and Y. Cui, "Stable cycling of double-walled silicon nanotube battery anodes through solid-electrolyte interphase control," Nature Nanotechnology , 2012.
5. Yolk-Shell
高容量(～2800 mAh/g，C/10), 高循環性 (1000 cycles，74% 容量保持率), 以及高庫倫效率(99.84%)的統一。
參考文獻：N. Liu, H. Wu, M. T. McDowell, Y. Yao, C. Wang, and Y. Cui. "A Yolk-Shell Design for Stabilized and Scalable Li-Ion Battery Alloy Anodes," Nano Letters , 2012.
6. Si hydrogel
提高導電性，可規?；苽?，
參考文獻：H. Wu, G. Yu, L. Pan, N. Liu, M. T. McDowell, Z. Bao, and Y. Cui, "Stable Li-ion battery anodes by in-situ polymerization of conducting hydrogel to conformally coat silicon nanoparticles," Nature Communications, 2013.
7. Self-healing
微米Si顆粒，提高循環壽命
參考文獻：C. Wang, H. Wu, Z. Chen, M. T. McDowell, Y. Cui, and Z. Bao, "Self-healing chemistry enables the stable operation of silicon microparticle anodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries," Nature Chemistry, 2013, 5, 1042-1048 .
8. Pomegranate-Like
提高堆密度
參考文獻：N. Liu, Z. Lu, J. Zhao, M. T. McDowell, H. W. Lee, W. Zhao, and Y. Cui, "A pomegranate-inspired nanoscale design for large-volume-change lithium battery anodes", Nature Nanotechnology, 2014, 9, 187-192.
9. Porous Si
微米Si顆粒，穩定的SEI膜
參考文獻：Z. Lu, N. Liu, H.-W. Lee, J. Zhao, W. Li, Y. Li, and Y. Cui, "Nonfilling Carbon Coating of Porous Silicon Micrometer-Sized Particles for High-Performance Lithium Battery Anodes", ACS Nano， 2015.
10. Prelithiation of Si Anodes
解決了第一次循環導致的容量損失問題
參考文獻：J. Zhao, Z. Lu, N. Liu, H.-W. Lee, M. T. McDowell, and Y. Cui, "Dry-air-stable lithium silicide-lithium oxide core-shell nanoparticles as high-capacity prelithiation reagents", Nature Communications, 2014.
11. Micro Si-Graphene Cage
微米Si納米顆粒，優異的導電性、機械穩定性和化學穩定性，穩定的SEI膜，長期的循環壽命得到統一
參考文獻：Y. Li, K.Yan, H.-W. Lee, Z. Lu, N. Liu, and Y. Cui, "Growth of conformal graphene cages on micrometre-sized particles as stable battery anodes", Nature Energy, 2016, 1, 15029.
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